TinyStepper

Cognition and Learning

At a glance: Supports children with learning difficulties or processing differences. Activities here use multi-sensory, repetitive, and concrete approaches to help children explore concepts at their own pace — building confidence through doing rather than instruction. Browse 71 adapted activities below.

Cognition and Learning
Built by a parent of toddlersAligned with the SEND Code of Practice — applied through everyday play

Field-tested ideas shaped by direct parenting experience and guidance from reputable sources including the NHS, NSPCC, the CDC, and Zero to Three.

What this area covers

This area covers learning difficulties and processing differences. It includes children who need more time to understand new ideas, who learn best through repetition and concrete experiences, or who process information differently from their peers.

Signs you might notice

Your child may take longer to pick up new skills, need more repetition before something clicks, prefer familiar activities over new ones, or seem to forget things they appeared to know yesterday. This is part of how they learn — not a sign of failure.

How play helps

Play allows children to practise skills at their own pace, without the pressure of getting it right. Multi-sensory activities — touching, moving, hearing, seeing — give the brain multiple pathways to learn the same concept.

Adapting activities

Break activities into smaller steps. Use real objects rather than pictures where possible. Repeat activities across several days rather than expecting mastery in one session. Celebrate effort and engagement, not just outcomes.

Professional support

An educational psychologist can assess your child’s learning profile and suggest approaches that work for them. Your nursery SENCO is often the best starting point for conversations about additional learning support.

Overlap with other areas

Learning differences often sit alongside communication needs or sensory processing differences. A child who seems disengaged may actually be struggling to process what they’re hearing or seeing, not lacking motivation.

Common questions

What are cognition and learning needs in toddlers?

Cognition and learning needs cover learning difficulties and processing differences. This includes toddlers who need more time to understand new ideas, learn best through repetition, or process information differently from peers. It is one of the four areas of the SEND Code of Practice.

How do I know if my toddler has a learning difficulty?

You might notice your child takes longer to pick up new skills, needs more repetition, prefers familiar activities over new ones, or seems to forget things they appeared to know yesterday. This is part of how they learn — not a sign of failure.

How can play help a toddler with learning difficulties?

Play allows children to practise skills at their own pace without pressure. Multi-sensory activities — touching, moving, hearing, seeing — give the brain multiple pathways to learn the same concept. Break activities into smaller steps and celebrate effort, not just outcomes.

When should I speak to a professional about my toddler’s learning?

Your nursery SENCO is often the best starting point for conversations about additional learning support. An educational psychologist can assess your child’s learning profile and suggest approaches that work for them. Your health visitor or GP can also advise.

Trusted resources

GOV.UK SEND Guide

The official guide to special educational needs and disabilities for families in England.

Visit GOV.UK SEND Guide

Contact

A charity for families with disabled children — helpline, local groups, and practical support.

Visit Contact

IPSEA

Free legally-based advice for families navigating SEN support and EHC plans.

Visit IPSEA

NSPCC

Support for parents on child behaviour, development, and safeguarding — including Talk PANTS with SEND-friendly resources.

Visit NSPCC

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